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The American Biology Teacher

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  • Feature Article
Genetic Dominance & Cellular Processes
Robert D. Seager
The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 76 No. 9, November/December 2014; (pp. 576-581) DOI: 10.1525/abt.2014.76.9.2
ROBERT D. SEAGER is a Professor of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Biology at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614; e-mail: seager@uni.edu.
  • For correspondence: seager@uni.edu
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Abstract

In learning genetics, many students misunderstand and misinterpret what “dominance” means. Understanding is easier if students realize that dominance is not a mechanism, but rather a consequence of underlying cellular processes. For example, metabolic pathways are often little affected by changes in enzyme concentration. This means that enzyme-producing alleles usually show complete dominance. For genes producing nonenzymatic proteins such as collagen or hemoglobin, the amount of product matters, and dominance relationships are more complicated. Furthermore, with hemoglobin, dominance can change depending on what aspect of the phenotype is being studied and on the environmental conditions. X-linked genes are a special case, whether enzymatic or not. Because of X-chromosome inactivation, only one X-linked allele can be active in a cell, which means that the concept of dominance cannot be applied at the cellular level. Instead, a type of dominance is demonstrated at the individual level; but even so, dominant traits may fail to be expressed, and recessive traits can be expressed. Teaching not only what is happening but why it's happening will give students a deeper understanding, not only of dominance relationships, but of the underlying cellular processes as well.

Key Words:
  • Dominance relationships
  • enzymes and structural proteins
  • X-chromosome genes and dominance
  • instruction
  • © 2014 by National Association of Biology Teachers. All rights reserved. Request permission to photocopy or reproduce article content at the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions Web site at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp.
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Vol. 76 No. 9, November/December 2014

The American Biology Teacher: 76 (9)
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Genetic Dominance & Cellular Processes
Robert D. Seager
The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 76 No. 9, November/December 2014; (pp. 576-581) DOI: 10.1525/abt.2014.76.9.2
ROBERT D. SEAGER is a Professor of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Biology at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614; e-mail: seager@uni.edu.
  • For correspondence: seager@uni.edu

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Genetic Dominance & Cellular Processes
Robert D. Seager
The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 76 No. 9, November/December 2014; (pp. 576-581) DOI: 10.1525/abt.2014.76.9.2
ROBERT D. SEAGER is a Professor of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Biology at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614; e-mail: seager@uni.edu.
  • For correspondence: seager@uni.edu
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  • Top
  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Genes That Code for an Enzyme: Complete Dominance
    • Genes That Do Not Code for an Enzyme: When the Amount Matters
    • X-linked Genes: A Special Case
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

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